Why Is My Dog Vomiting? Causes, Treatments, and What to Do

As a responsible pet parent, seeing your dog vomit or suffer from diarrhea can be a stressful experience. Whether it's a single instance or a repeated issue, understanding why your dog is vomiting and how to address it is key to ensuring their health and well-being. From yellow bile to post-meal vomiting, this comprehensive guide will walk you through the most common causes of vomiting in dogs, when to be concerned, and how to provide the best care for your furry friend.

Dog Puking and Diarrhea

When a dog is both vomiting and experiencing diarrhea, it’s often an indication of gastrointestinal distress. These symptoms can arise from a variety of causes, some of which may require immediate attention. Understanding what these signs mean and when to seek veterinary care can make all the difference. Below are the common reasons for vomiting and diarrhea in dogs:

• Gastroenteritis: This condition refers to inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often caused by infections such as bacteria (e.g., Salmonella) or viruses (e.g., Parvovirus). Ingestion of spoiled food or something toxic can also trigger gastroenteritis.
• Parasites: Dogs, especially puppies, are prone to intestinal worms like roundworms and hookworms. Protozoan infections like Giardia can also cause both vomiting and diarrhea.
• Toxins: Accidental ingestion of toxic substances, including household chemicals, certain human foods, and plants, can lead to vomiting and diarrhea. Common household items like chocolate, xylitol, and antifreeze are particularly dangerous to dogs.

If your dog is showing signs of vomiting and diarrhea, it’s important to monitor them closely for other signs such as lethargy, blood in their stool, or severe dehydration. Dehydration is a serious concern, and a vet visit should be scheduled if symptoms persist for more than 24 hours.

Dog Puking Yellow

Yellow vomit in dogs typically occurs when they have vomited on an empty stomach. This yellow substance is bile, which is a digestive fluid produced by the liver. There are several possible reasons why a dog might vomit bile:

• Long Gaps Between Meals: Dogs that go too long without food may vomit yellow bile as the stomach empties, leading to irritation.
• Bilious Vomiting Syndrome: Some dogs, particularly those that have an empty stomach in the morning, are prone to this condition, where the bile comes up along with the contents of the stomach.
• Gastrointestinal Irritation: Other underlying conditions like acid reflux or an irritated stomach lining can lead to bile vomiting.

To help prevent this, consider feeding your dog smaller meals more frequently throughout the day. If the yellow vomiting persists, or if your dog seems unwell otherwise, it’s essential to have them evaluated by a veterinarian.

Dog Vomiting Treatment

When your dog is vomiting, the appropriate treatment will depend on the underlying cause. While some cases can be resolved with basic home care, others may require more intensive veterinary intervention. Here are common treatments that may be administered to a vomiting dog:

• Anti-Nausea Medications: If your dog’s vomiting is caused by nausea, your vet may prescribe medications like maropitant (brand name Cerenia) to alleviate the symptoms.
• Fluids and Electrolytes: Vomiting can quickly lead to dehydration, especially if it’s accompanied by diarrhea. Your veterinarian may administer fluids to rehydrate your dog and restore vital electrolytes.
• Bland Diet: For many dogs, switching to a bland diet (typically boiled chicken and rice) for a few days can help settle their stomach and allow them to recover.
• Diagnostic Tests: If the vomiting is persistent or severe, your vet may recommend diagnostic tests such as bloodwork, x-rays, or an ultrasound to rule out more serious conditions like pancreatitis, ulcers, or an obstruction.

Never attempt to treat your dog’s vomiting with human medications without consulting your vet first, as many over-the-counter drugs can be toxic to dogs.

Dog Vomits After Eating

It’s not uncommon for dogs to vomit shortly after eating. However, when this happens regularly, it can be concerning. The reasons for post-meal vomiting can range from simple to complex:

• Eating Too Quickly: Some dogs tend to gulp their food too fast, which can cause them to regurgitate shortly after eating. This is particularly common in breeds with a tendency to be “food-obsessed,” like Labrador Retrievers.
• Food Allergies or Sensitivities: Certain ingredients in your dog’s food might trigger allergic reactions or sensitivities, leading to vomiting. Dogs may vomit after eating a specific protein source, grain, or artificial additive.
• Gastric Dilation-Volvulus (GDV): This is a life-threatening condition that affects large breeds like Great Danes and Dobermans. It involves a twisting of the stomach and requires immediate veterinary intervention.

To reduce the risk of vomiting after eating, consider using a slow-feeding bowl or puzzle feeder. If your dog’s vomiting continues despite these measures, consult your vet to rule out any serious conditions.

Dog Not Eating But Drinking Water and Vomiting

If your dog refuses food but continues to drink water and vomit, this could be a sign of a more serious underlying issue. Here are some possible causes:

• Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas, often triggered by eating fatty foods, can cause nausea, vomiting, and a loss of appetite. This condition requires immediate veterinary attention.
• Liver or Kidney Disease: Dogs with liver or kidney problems may show signs of nausea and vomiting while refusing food. Other symptoms to watch for include increased thirst, lethargy, and changes in urination habits.
• Gastrointestinal Obstructions: If your dog has swallowed something they shouldn’t have, it could cause a blockage in their intestines. This could lead to vomiting and a refusal to eat.

It’s important to monitor your dog’s behavior closely. If they continue vomiting and refuse to eat for more than 24 hours, or if they show signs of lethargy, dehydration, or blood in their vomit, contact your veterinarian immediately.

Puppy Throwing Up and Diarrhea

When a puppy experiences vomiting and diarrhea, the situation requires special attention. Puppies are more susceptible to dehydration and illnesses, and these symptoms can quickly become serious. The causes include:

• Parvovirus: This highly contagious viral infection is particularly dangerous for puppies. It causes severe vomiting, diarrhea, and lethargy. If left untreated, parvovirus can be fatal, so immediate veterinary care is necessary.
• Intestinal Worms: Puppies often carry intestinal parasites that cause gastrointestinal upset. Regular deworming is essential to prevent such issues.
• Dietary Changes: Abrupt changes in diet can trigger vomiting and diarrhea in sensitive puppies. Introducing new food should always be done gradually.

If your puppy exhibits these symptoms, don't wait—contact your vet immediately. Early treatment is crucial to preventing dehydration and further complications.

Inducing Vomiting in Dogs

Inducing vomiting can sometimes be necessary if your dog ingests something toxic, but it should only be done under the guidance of a veterinarian. There are important precautions to take when inducing vomiting:

• Never induce vomiting if your dog is unconscious, weak, or having seizures.
• Avoid inducing vomiting if the substance ingested is caustic, like bleach or batteries, as this can cause more damage coming back up.
• If more than 2 hours have passed since ingestion, it may be too late to safely induce vomiting.

Your veterinarian may use hydrogen peroxide to safely induce vomiting, but only under their supervision and with the correct dosage. Always contact your vet or a pet poison hotline for advice before attempting to induce vomiting at home.

Your Dog’s Health Comes First

Vomiting and diarrhea in dogs can be caused by various factors, some of which may resolve on their own, while others require professional intervention. It’s essential to stay vigilant and observe your dog closely for any signs of distress or worsening symptoms. Whether the cause is mild or severe, your prompt attention can make a significant difference in your dog’s recovery.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is vomiting normal for dogs?

Occasional vomiting is normal for dogs, particularly if they eat something they shouldn’t. However, persistent or severe vomiting should always be addressed by a veterinarian.

What home remedy can I give my dog for vomiting?

After withholding food for 12–24 hours, you can offer a bland diet of boiled chicken and rice. Always consult your vet before trying any home remedies.

When should I worry about my dog vomiting?

If your dog vomits more than once a day, shows signs of lethargy, has blood in their vomit or stool, or refuses to eat or drink, it’s time to see a vet.

Can stress cause my dog to vomit?

Yes, stress and anxiety can cause nausea and vomiting in dogs, especially during travel, thunderstorms, or other stressful events.

Should I let my dog drink water after vomiting?

It’s okay to offer small amounts of water to keep your dog hydrated. However, if vomiting continues after drinking, contact your vet.